Blog Post

Are PLCs Necessary in Today’s Automation Environment?

Aug 15, 2023
Graphic of Seifert logo and network nodes, overlaid over a PLC panel

With technology that is continually evolving what does the future hold for Programable logic controllers? The future is expected to be shaped by several technological trends and advancements in engineering and technology. Today there is a high demand for PLC systems in various industries including the automotive industry, manufacturing, utilities, construction, and food & beverage industries. These areas alone will boost the need for continuous system improvements for decades to come. In this blog, we are going to explain what a PLC is, what it is used for, and the future of technology. 



What is a PLC

A Programmable logic controller or PLC is a small, solid-state computer that uses logic functions to control a machine or process. PLCs are used in industrial control systems for many industries, including factory assembly lines, amusement rides, and light fixtures. A PLC will monitor the state of input devices and use the custom program to control the state of the output on each device associated. It is utilized in many modern manufacturing facilities today.

  • PLCs allow users to access functions like:
  • From field devices, including discrete and analog inputs and outputs,
  • Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller
  • Position control
  • Motor control
  • Serial communication
  • High-speed networking
  • Different PLC platforms are preferred in different parts of the world.
  • Originally designed to replace hardwired systems composed of relays, cam timers, drum sequencers, and dedicated closed-loop controllers.


Programming with PLC

PLC programming can become quite complex depending on the application, and it often involves a deep understanding of the processes you are automating. A control system engineer will use PLC programming typically created using ladder logic, which is a graphical programming language that resembles electrical relay logic diagrams. Before a Control Systems Engineer begins programming, they must have a clear understanding of the process or machine they’re controlling. Identify the inputs, outputs, sensors, actuators, and the logic required to achieve the desired automation.


Writing Ladder Logic:

Ladder logic diagrams consist of rungs that represent the control logic. Each rung contains one or more instructions that define the relationships between inputs, outputs, and internal variables. Common instructions include:

  • Input Contacts: Represent sensors or switches, and they act as conditions for executing logic.
  • Output Coils: Represent actuators or devices that you want to control.
  • Relays: Logical elements that allow you to create complex conditions by combining inputs using logical operators (AND, OR, NOT, etc.).
  • Timers and Counters: Used to introduce time-based delays or to count events.


PLC Performance


Testing PLC performance is crucial to ensure the reliability and efficiency of your automated processes. By following these steps and adapting them to your specific application, you can identify and address any performance-related issues before they impact your operations. Through the PLC, Control Systems Engineers can make a large impact on the automation industry by controlling devices and programming logically. Testing the performance of a PLC involves evaluating its ability to handle automation tasks and processes efficiently and reliably.

Think of PLC as the heart of a control system. Improving the ability to process information quicker than standard mechanical devices. PLC communicates with other supervisory components and the logic remains in the PLC system eliminating writing errors. Through Program logic, the PLC will remain reliable with solid-state components.


What are the Limitations of PLC?

A variety of PLC modules, and an HMI

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) offer a powerful and flexible solution for industrial automation, but they do come with certain limitations that users should be aware of. 


Here are some common limitations of PLCs:

  • Processing Power and Speed: PLCs are designed for real-time control of industrial processes, but their processing power is generally lower compared to general-purpose computers. This limitation can impact the speed and complexity of the tasks they can handle.
  • Memory Constraints: PLCs have limited memory for storing program logic, data, and configuration settings. This can limit the complexity of the programs that can be developed and the amount of historical data that can be stored.
  • Programming Complexity: PLC programming, especially using ladder logic, can become complex and difficult to manage for large and intricate systems. Debugging and troubleshooting complex programs can also be challenging.
  • Limited Connectivity: While modern PLCs offer various communication options (Ethernet, serial ports, etc.), they might not have the same level of connectivity as general-purpose computers. Integrating with modern IT systems and protocols can sometimes be more challenging.
  • Scalability: Expanding or modifying a PLC system might require significant effort and potential downtime. Integrating additional inputs, outputs, or tasks can be more complex than with other automation solutions.
  • Real-Time Limitations: PLCs provide real-time control, but the determinism of real-time performance can be affected by factors such as scan time, interrupt handling, and network communication.
  • Limited User Interfaces: PLCs often come with basic human-machine interfaces (HMIs) that might not be as intuitive or user-friendly as modern touch-based interfaces found in consumer electronics.
  • Software Versioning: Managing software versions and updates can be cumbersome. Compatibility between different versions of PLC programming software and hardware can cause compatibility issues.
  • High Initial Costs: The initial investment for PLC hardware, software licenses, and training can be relatively high, especially for small-scale applications.
  • Limited Data Processing: While modern PLCs are becoming more capable, they might not be suitable for handling extensive data processing tasks or complex algorithms.

A line of PLC components in a panel box.

  • Environmental Factors: Certain environments are not ideal, high levels of vibration, and high temperatures.
  • Device Compatibility: Limited compatibility with third-party devices.

Despite these limitations, PLCs remain a fundamental and widely used solution for industrial automation due to their reliability, real-time control capabilities, and ruggedness. When considering the use of PLCs, it's important to weigh their advantages against these limitations and consider how well they align with the requirements of your specific application. 

Maintenance

Maintaining a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) system is essential to ensure its reliability, longevity, and consistent performance. Proper maintenance practices can help prevent unexpected downtime, optimize system efficiency, and address potential issues early on.


“A PLC can serve the purpose of predictive maintenance for predicting defects and trouble before they arise and evaluating data patterns for abnormalities and oddities. It monitors and analyze the data in real-time which not only help improve efficiency but also reduce the downtime. So, Programmable logic controllers are widely used in industrial automation, monitoring, and control systems.” (PDF Supply)

Here are some maintenance tasks to consider for a PLC system:

o  Check environmental factors and operating conditions. Humidity, temperature, and other factors play an important role in the longevity and proper operation of components.

o  Clear debris, dust, and buildup from your units. A clean working environment for your PLC is a great way to prevent downtime.

o  Maintain Battery systems.

o  A PLC can detect when a machine or piece of equipment needs to be fixed.


PLC Security/IT Collaborations

Security is a crucial aspect of any industrial automation system, including Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) systems. PLC systems are vulnerable to cyberattacks, unauthorized access, and other security threats, which can have serious consequences for industrial processes. Traditionally, PLCs and IT systems were isolated from one another, with different networks, protocols, and standards.

  • To properly secure a PLC, it must be a coordinated effort with your managed IT service provider and IT security is an ongoing process that requires planning, execution, and evaluation.
  • Integrating PLC and IT security can bring about a range of advantages for your industrial automation, such as improving the reliability and availability of systems.
  • Enhancing the quality and consistency of products, boosting innovation and competitiveness, and strengthening the reputation and trust between the two environments.



The Programmable Logic Controller Future:

A variety of PLC modules

  • PLCs will continue to evolve while adapting to current technology.
  • Growing demands of PLCs have challenged designers to build replacement systems. 
  • Communication platforms are always evolving.
  • The future will encompass more applications of wireless technology.
  • Growing Integration of enterprise resource planning (ERP) and other higher-level computing systems to the factory floor.
  • Integration with Industry 4.0 and IIoT: PLCs are likely to become more integrated with Industry 4.0 and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). This means that PLCs will be designed to communicate seamlessly with other devices and systems, enabling real-time data exchange and remote monitoring. This integration will lead to more efficient production processes, predictive maintenance, and better decision-making.

It's important to note that these trends for PLCs are based on current technological developments and industry demands. The future of PLCs will depend on the pace of technological advancements, market needs, and the evolving landscape of industrial automation.


Several grey and green PLC components

Conclusion:

The Control Systems Engineers at Seifert Technologies Engineering Division have decades of experience across multiple industries utilizing programable logic controls as a core automation system. By leveraging PLCs, Control System Engineers can design, implement, and maintain robust and efficient control systems in industrial environments. PLCs provide flexibility, reliability, and real-time control capabilities that enable precise and effective control over various industrial processes. Contact us today to learn more about the future of PLCs.

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